विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| अवसाद चिंता तनाव स्केल-21 (DASS-21)× | महामारी विज्ञान अध्ययन केंद्र अवसाद पैमाना (CES-D)× | हॉस्पिटल एंग्जायटी एंड डिप्रेशन स्केल (HADS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1995 | 1977 | 1983 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith |
| प्रकार≠ | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Community-based depression assessment | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | CES-D, CESD | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D |
| संबंधित≠ | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. |
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