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	क्रॉसओवर प्रीटेस्ट-पोस्टटेस्ट प्रायोगिक डिज़ाइन	क्रमिक पूर्वपरीक्षण-पश्चातपरीक्षण प्रायोगिक अभिकल्प
क्षेत्र	प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प	प्रयोगात्मक अभिकल्प
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1963 (Campbell & Stanley framework); crossover methodology formalized 1980s–2000s	1963 (canonical formalization)
प्रवर्तक	Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley (pretest-posttest framework); Stephen Senn (crossover trial methodology)	Codified by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
प्रकार	Within-subjects experimental design	True experimental design
मौलिक स्रोत	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
उपनाम	within-subjects pretest-posttest design, repeated-measures crossover design, AB/BA pretest-posttest design, crossover repeated-measures design	factorial pre-post design, factorial repeated-measures pretest-posttest design, multi-factor pretest-posttest design, FPPD
संबंधित	5	6
सारांश	A crossover pretest-posttest experimental design is a within-subjects experiment in which each participant receives two or more treatments in a randomized sequence, with outcome measurements taken both before and after each treatment period. By serving as their own control across conditions, participants allow direct intra-individual comparison, dramatically increasing statistical power while reducing the sample size required relative to a parallel-group design.	A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.