विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| कॉम्पिटिटिव स्टेट एंग्जायटी इन्वेंटरी-2 (CSAI-2)× | स्पोर्ट एंग्जायटी स्केल (एसएएस)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | खेल मनोविज्ञान | खेल मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष | 1990 | 1990 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton | Ronald Smith, Frank Smoll, Robert Schutz |
| प्रकार≠ | Self-report state anxiety questionnaire | Self-report sport-specific trait anxiety questionnaire |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. link ↗ | Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Schutz, R. W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2(4), 263–280. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety | SAS, SAS-2, Sport-Specific Anxiety |
| संबंधित | 4 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support. | The SAS is a 15–21 item questionnaire measuring trait (dispositional) sport-specific anxiety—the tendency to experience worry and physiological arousal in sport-competitive contexts. Developed by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz in 1990, the SAS is the primary instrument for assessing individual differences in sport anxiety proneness and for predicting anxiety management needs across diverse athletic populations. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
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