विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| कोहोर्ट अध्ययन डिज़ाइन× | क्रॉस-सेक्शनल अध्ययन डिज़ाइन× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | नैदानिक अनुसंधान | नैदानिक अनुसंधान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1970s-1980s | 1950s-1970s |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Donald Acheson, Olli Miettinen, and others in modern epidemiology | Epidemiologists in the mid-20th century; formalized by Kelsey, Rothman, and others |
| प्रकार | Research Design | Research Design |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Miettinen, O. S. (1976). Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 103(2), 226–235. DOI ↗ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083299 |
| उपनाम | prospective study, follow-up study, longitudinal study, cohort study | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, snapshot study, survey design |
| संबंधित | 2 | 2 |
| सारांश≠ | A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to epidemiology and are the design of choice for establishing causal associations when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical. | A cross-sectional study (or prevalence study) measures exposure and outcome simultaneously at a single point in time, producing a 'snapshot' of a population. Respondents are recruited and surveyed (or examined) on the same occasion, capturing current prevalence of both exposure and disease. Cross-sectional studies are simple, quick, and inexpensive, making them popular for needs assessments, surveillance, and generating hypotheses—though they cannot establish causality due to lack of temporal sequence. |
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