विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| महामारी विज्ञान अध्ययन केंद्र अवसाद पैमाना (CES-D)× | हॉस्पिटल एंग्जायटी एंड डिप्रेशन स्केल (HADS)× | केसलर साइकोलॉजिकल डिस्ट्रेस स्केल-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1977 | 1983 | 2002 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| प्रकार≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | CES-D, CESD | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| संबंधित≠ | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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