विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| महामारी विज्ञान अध्ययन केंद्र अवसाद पैमाना (CES-D)× | अवसाद चिंता तनाव स्केल-21 (DASS-21)× | केसलर साइकोलॉजिकल डिस्ट्रेस स्केल-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान | नैदानिक मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1977 | 1995 | 2002 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| प्रकार≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | CES-D, CESD | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| संबंधित | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| सारांश≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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