विधियों की तुलना करें

	केस स्टडी अनुसंधान	गैर-प्रतिभागी अवलोकन
क्षेत्र	गुणात्मक	सर्वेक्षण पद्धति
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1984 (seminal codification)	Formalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveys
प्रवर्तक	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology
प्रकार	Qualitative research design	Qualitative / quantitative observational data collection
मौलिक स्रोत	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223.
उपनाम	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	detached observation, systematic observation, structured field observation, external observation
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Non-participant observation is a data-collection method in which the researcher observes behavior, interactions, or events in a natural or structured setting without joining or influencing the activity under study. The observer maintains a deliberate distance from participants to minimize their own effect on the phenomena being recorded, producing field notes, behavioral tallies, or recordings that reflect naturally occurring behavior rather than behavior shaped by researcher involvement.