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	बेयसियन फेज़ II क्लिनिकल ट्रायल	खुराक-प्रतिक्रिया विश्लेषण
क्षेत्र	महामारी विज्ञान	महामारी विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s (Thall & Simon 1994; Berry 1985–2006)	Conceptual roots 16th century; modern epidemiological application mid-20th century
प्रवर्तक	Peter Thall, Richard Simon, Donald Berry (key contributors)	Paracelsus (conceptual foundation); formalized by John Snow and later Bradford Hill
प्रकार	Interventional clinical trial design	Quantitative analytical method
मौलिक स्रोत	Thall, P. F., & Simon, R. (1994). Practical Bayesian guidelines for phase IIB clinical trials. Biometrics, 50(2), 337–349.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
उपनाम	Bayesian phase 2 trial, Bayesian single-arm phase II study, Bayesian early-phase efficacy trial, Bayes phase II	exposure-response analysis, concentration-response modeling, dose-response modeling, DRA
संबंधित	6	4
सारांश	A Bayesian Phase II clinical trial applies Bayesian statistical inference to the standard Phase II objective of evaluating whether an experimental treatment shows sufficient early-phase efficacy to justify progression to a Phase III trial. By combining prior information with accumulating trial data, it enables principled interim monitoring, flexible stopping rules, and updated probability statements about treatment effect — all without the multiple-testing penalties that burden frequentist sequential designs.	Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of disease. A demonstrated dose-response gradient is one of Bradford Hill's classic criteria supporting causal inference.