विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| क्रिया अनुसंधान× | कार्यक्रम मूल्यांकन× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र≠ | गुणात्मक अनुसंधान | क्षेत्र विधियाँ |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1946 | 1960s–1970s (Scriven 1967; Stufflebeam CIPP model 1971) |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Michael Scriven; Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi |
| प्रकार≠ | Method | Applied evaluation methodology |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761908944 |
| उपनाम≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | evaluation research, program assessment, educational evaluation, systematic program evaluation |
| संबंधित≠ | 1 | 3 |
| सारांश≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Program evaluation is a systematic, empirically grounded process of collecting and analyzing information about a program to determine its merit, worth, or significance. Applied across education, public health, social services, and policy, it addresses questions such as whether a program is reaching its target population, whether it is being implemented as designed, and whether it is producing the intended outcomes. It draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods and serves accountability, improvement, or knowledge-generation purposes. |
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