विधियों की तुलना करें

	क्रिया अनुसंधान	केस स्टडी अनुसंधान	नैरेटिव विश्लेषण
क्षेत्र	गुणात्मक अनुसंधान	गुणात्मक	गुणात्मक
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1946	1984 (seminal codification)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
प्रवर्तक	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
प्रकार	Method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative interpretive method
मौलिक स्रोत	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
उपनाम	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
संबंधित	1	5	6
सारांश	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.