השוואת שיטות

	סולם הטכנופרנס (Technoference Scale)	סולם שימוש פסיבי ברשתות חברתיות
תחום	פסיכולוגיה של מדיה חברתית	פסיכולוגיה של מדיה חברתית
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	2016	2018
הוגה השיטה	Brandon T. McDaniel and Sarah M. Coyne	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
סוג	Self-report	Self-report
מקור מכונן	McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the context of romantic relationships. In R. E. Ackerman (Ed.), The psychology of social networking (Vol. 1, pp. 86–102). Nova Publishers.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
כינויים	Technoference, Phone Interference	PSMUSES, Passive Use
קשורות	4	4
תקציר	The Technoference Scale measures the degree to which smartphone and technology use interferes with interpersonal relationships, particularly in romantic partnerships, families, and close relationships. Developed by McDaniel and Coyne in the mid-2010s, this construct captures a modern phenomenon where digital devices create physical or psychological distance during face-to-face interaction, reducing relationship quality and satisfaction.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.