השוואת שיטות

	אומדן סיכויים מקסימלי מכוון (TMLE)	אמידה חסונה כפולה (AIPW)
תחום	הסקה סיבתית	הסקה סיבתית
משפחה	Machine learning	Regression model
שנת המקור	2006	2005
הוגה השיטה	Mark van der Laan & Daniel Rubin	Robins & Rotnitzky; Bang & Robins
סוג	Semiparametric estimator	Semiparametric causal estimator
מקור מכונן	van der Laan, M. J., & Rubin, D. (2006). Targeted maximum likelihood learning. The International Journal of Biostatistics, 2(1).	Robins, J. M. & Rotnitzky, A. (1995). Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models with Missing Data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), 122-129.
כינויים	Targeted Learning, TMLE, Targeted MLE, Hedeflenmiş Maksimum Olabilirlik Tahmini	AIPW, augmented inverse probability weighting, doubly robust estimator, Çift Gürbüz Kestirici (Augmented IPW / AIPW)
קשורות	3	5
תקציר	Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) is a semiparametric, doubly robust causal inference method introduced by Mark van der Laan and Daniel Rubin in 2006. It combines flexible machine learning models for both the outcome and the treatment assignment mechanism, then applies a targeting step that re-fits the initial outcome model specifically to reduce bias for a pre-specified causal estimand such as the average treatment effect. TMLE is widely used in epidemiology, biostatistics, and health economics when estimating causal effects from observational data.	Doubly Robust Estimation, also called Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW), is a semiparametric method for estimating causal treatment effects that combines an outcome regression model with a propensity (treatment) model. Developed in the work of Robins & Rotnitzky (1995) and Bang & Robins (2005), it stays consistent as long as at least one of the two models is correctly specified.