השוואת שיטות

	Sport Spectator Identification Scale	BIRGing and CORFing Measurement
תחום	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
משפחה	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1993	1976
הוגה השיטה	Daniel L. Wann & Nyla R. Branscombe	Robert Cialdini et al.; C. R. Snyder et al.; Daniel Wann & Nyla Branscombe
סוג	Single-factor self-report psychometric scale	Behavioral-measurement pipeline for image-management responses
מקור מכונן	Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1-17.	Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366-375.
כינויים	SSIS, Sport Spectator Identification, Team Identification Scale	Basking in Reflected Glory Measurement, Cutting Off Reflected Failure Measurement, Reflected Glory and Failure Indices, Fan Image-Management Measurement
קשורות	3	3
תקציר	The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is a seven-item self-report measure of how strongly a fan psychologically identifies with a particular sports team. Daniel Wann and Nyla Branscombe introduced it in 1993 in the International Journal of Sport Psychology, grounding it in social identity theory: a fan who identifies with a team incorporates that team into the self, so the team's successes and failures are experienced as the fan's own. The scale asks respondents, with reference to a team they name, how important it is that the team wins, how strongly they see themselves as fans, how closely they follow the team, and related questions, each rated on an eight-point Likert format and summed into a single identification score. Because team identification predicts a wide range of fan behaviors and well-being outcomes, the SSIS became the standard short instrument for measuring it and the workhorse of decades of sport fan research.	BIRGing and CORFing measurement is a behavioral and self-report procedure for quantifying how people manage their public image by advertising or hiding their association with a group after that group succeeds or fails. Basking In Reflected Glory (BIRGing), documented by Robert Cialdini and colleagues in 1976, is the tendency to publicize one's connection to a winner, for example by wearing team apparel or saying 'we won' after a victory. Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORFing), studied by Snyder, Lassegard, and Ford in 1986, is the complementary tendency to distance oneself from a loser, for example by saying 'they lost.' Wann and Branscombe's 1990 work showed that these responses depend on fan identification: die-hard, highly identified fans BIRG strongly and resist CORFing, while fair-weather, low-identification fans CORF readily. Measuring both responses against team outcomes and identification reveals how spectators use sport affiliations to maintain self-image.