השוואת שיטות

	Poverty Mapping (Small-Area Estimation)	Multidimensional Poverty Index
תחום	Development Studies	כלכלה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	2003	2011
הוגה השיטה	Chris Elbers, Jean O. Lanjouw & Peter Lanjouw	Sabina Alkire & James Foster
סוג	Census-survey small-area poverty estimation method	Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure
מקור מכונן	Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. O., & Lanjouw, P. (2003). Micro-Level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality. Econometrica, 71(1), 355-364.	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
כינויים	ELL Method, Poverty Mapping, Census-Survey Poverty Estimation, Small-Area Poverty Estimation	MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty
קשורות	4	3
תקציר	ELL poverty mapping, named after Chris Elbers, Jean Lanjouw, and Peter Lanjouw, is a small-area estimation method that produces poverty and inequality estimates for geographic units far smaller than a household survey can support on its own. It combines two data sources: a detailed household survey that measures consumption but covers too few households per locality, and a population census that covers everyone but does not measure consumption. The method estimates a model of consumption on variables common to both, imputes consumption into the census, and simulates to generate poverty estimates — with statistically valid standard errors — for districts, communes, or even villages, which are then drawn as poverty maps.	The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity).