השוואת שיטות

	פרוטוקול גישה אקראית Slotted ALOHA	Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)	תורת אפנון תדר רב-נושא אורתוגונלי (OFDM)
תחום	תקשורת	תקשורת	תקשורת
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1970	1990	1971
הוגה השיטה	Norman Abramson and Lawrence Roberts	Phil Karn	Weinstein and Ebert
סוג	random access protocol	random access protocol	multicarrier modulation scheme
מקור מכונן	Roberts, L. G. (1975). ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 5(2), 28-42.	Karn, P. (1990). MACA—a new channel access method for packet radio. In Proceedings of the ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, 134-140.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.
כינויים	random access, medium access	medium access control, WiFi MAC	multicarrier modulation
קשורות	3	3	5
תקציר	Slotted ALOHA is a fundamental random access protocol enabling multiple devices to share a wireless channel without centralized coordination. Introduced by Abramson (1970) and refined by Roberts (1975), it divides time into fixed slots and allows devices to transmit at the beginning of a slot with a fixed probability. While simple and elegant, Slotted ALOHA achieves only 37% channel utilization under saturation (optimal traffic load), a fundamental limit discovered by Abramson. Despite this limitation, Slotted ALOHA remains a teaching tool and appears in modern systems like satellite and IoT networks.	CSMA/CA is a random access protocol for wireless medium access control, designed to enable multiple devices to share a wireless channel while minimizing collisions. Introduced by Phil Karn in 1990, it is the foundation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11) and is now the de facto standard for unlicensed spectrum access. CSMA/CA combines carrier sensing (listen before transmit) with collision avoidance (RTS/CTS handshake) to improve channel efficiency and fairness, avoiding the efficiency loss of pure random access (Aloha).	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.