השוואת שיטות
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| מחקר מקרה-ביקורת פרגמטי× | מחקר מקרה-ביקורת מוטמע (Nested Case-Control Study)× | |
|---|---|---|
| תחום | אפידמיולוגיה | אפידמיולוגיה |
| משפחה | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| שנת המקור≠ | 1950s–1960s (classical); pragmatic framing 1967–2000s | 1973–1977 |
| הוגה השיטה≠ | Evolved from classical case-control methodology (Dorn, 1954; Cornfield, 1956); pragmatic framing formalized by Schwartz & Lellouch (1967) | Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization) |
| סוג≠ | Observational epidemiological study design | Hybrid observational study design |
| מקור מכונן≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491. link ↗ |
| כינויים | real-world case-control study, pragmatic case-control design, effectiveness case-control study, PCCS | NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control |
| קשורות | 6 | 6 |
| תקציר≠ | A pragmatic case-control study is an observational design that compares individuals who have developed a disease or outcome (cases) with those who have not (controls), using data collected under routine real-world conditions rather than strictly controlled experimental settings. Exposure histories are reconstructed from clinical records, registries, or administrative databases. The design is chosen when a conventional explanatory case-control study would be impractical, unethical, or too narrow to inform actual clinical or public-health decisions. | A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding. |
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