השוואת שיטות

	Policy Delphi	Multi-Criteria Policy Analysis	ניתוח תרחישי מדיניות
תחום	Public Policy	Public Policy	סימולציה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1970	2002	1967–1990s
הוגה השיטה	Murray Turoff	Valerie Belton & Theodor Stewart (synthesis); MCDA tradition	Kahn, H. & Wiener, A. J. (seminal); adapted for policy by RAND Corporation and OECD
סוג	Structured, iterative expert-deliberation technique for policy	Multi-criteria decision analysis applied to policy appraisal	Qualitative-quantitative hybrid scenario method
מקור מכונן	Turoff, M. (1970). The design of a policy Delphi. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2(2), 149–171.	Belton, V., & Stewart, T. J. (2002). Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 9780792375050	Swart, R., Raskin, P., Robinson, J. (2004). The problem of the future: sustainability science and scenario analysis. Global Environmental Change, 14(2), 137–146.
כינויים	Policy Delphi Technique, Turoff Policy Delphi, Decision Delphi	Multi-Criteria Analysis for Policy, MCDA Policy Appraisal, MCA in Policy, Multi-Criteria Policy Appraisal	PSA, Policy Scenarios, Policy Impact Scenario Analysis, Counterfactual Policy Analysis
קשורות	3	3	5
תקציר	The policy Delphi is a structured, iterative technique for eliciting and organising informed opinion on contested policy issues. Unlike the classical Delphi, which seeks consensus on a forecast, the policy Delphi is explicitly designed to generate the strongest possible opposing positions on a policy question and to expose the full range of options, supporting arguments and disagreements among a panel of knowledgeable stakeholders. Introduced by Murray Turoff in 1970, it conducts several anonymous rounds in which participants rate policy statements on dimensions such as desirability and feasibility, see aggregated feedback and the reasoning behind divergent views, and revise their positions — surfacing structured intelligence for decision-makers rather than a forced agreement.	Multi-criteria policy analysis applies multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to appraise and rank policy options against several, often conflicting, objectives that cannot be reduced to a single money metric. Each option is scored on a set of explicit criteria — economic, social, environmental, distributional — the criteria are weighted to reflect their relative importance, and the scores are aggregated into an overall value that ranks the options. Set out comprehensively in Belton and Stewart's 2002 textbook and operationalised for government in the UK's widely used Multi-Criteria Analysis Manual, the approach makes the trade-offs in a policy decision transparent and structured rather than implicit.	Policy Scenario Analysis is a structured method for evaluating how different policy interventions perform across a range of plausible future states. By pairing specific policy levers with alternative scenarios, analysts can assess robustness, trade-offs, and unintended consequences of policy choices before implementation — making it a cornerstone of evidence-based policy design in fields from climate to public health.