השוואת שיטות

	פוטופלתיתמוגרפיה	שונות קצב הלב	זיהוי QRS של פאן-טומפקינס	מודל ה-Windkessel
תחום	ביומכניקה	ביומכניקה	ביומכניקה	ביומכניקה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1937	1996	1985	1969
הוגה השיטה	Hertzman	Task Force of European Society of Cardiology	Jiapu Pan	Nikolaos Westerhof
סוג	Optical signal acquisition and analysis pipeline	Time-series and frequency-domain analysis pipeline	Digital signal processing pipeline	Physiological lumped-parameter modeling
מקור מכונן	Allen, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiology. Physiology & Behavior, 107(4), 540-548.	Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation, 93(5), 1043-1065.	Pan, J., & Tompkins, W. J. (1985). A real-time QRS detection algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-32(3), 230-236.	Westerhof, N., Bosman, F., De Vries, N. C., & Noordergraaf, A. (1969). Analog studies of the human systemic arterial tree. Journal of Biomechanics, 2(2), 121-143.
כינויים	PPG, Pulse oximetry, Reflectance photometry	HRV, RR interval analysis, Cardiac variability	QRS detection, R-peak detection, Heartbeat detection	Elastic chamber model, Arterial compliance model, Lumped parameter model
קשורות	3	3	3	3
תקציר	Photoplethysmography (PPG) measures blood volume changes in tissue using light absorption, providing a non-invasive optical window into cardiovascular dynamics. Originally developed by Hertzman in 1937, PPG is now ubiquitous in pulse oximetry, smartwatches, and research applications for monitoring heart rate, blood oxygenation, and vascular function.	Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis quantifies the variation in time intervals between consecutive heartbeats as a window into autonomic nervous system function and cardiovascular health. Formalized by the European Society of Cardiology Task Force in 1996, HRV metrics are now standard in cardiology, physiology, and sports science for assessing stress, recovery, and disease risk.	The Pan-Tompkins algorithm is a real-time QRS detection method for electrocardiograms (ECGs) that identifies the R-peaks (ventricular depolarization) and QRS complexes from continuous cardiac waveforms. Published by Jiapu Pan and Willis Tompkins in 1985, it remains a standard reference for ECG processing and is widely implemented in clinical monitoring systems.	The Windkessel model is a lumped-parameter representation of the arterial system that captures the pulsatile dynamics of blood flow and pressure using simple mechanical analogs (resistors and capacitors). Named after the German word for air chamber, it was formalized by Westerhof and colleagues in the late 1960s and remains fundamental to understanding arterial hemodynamics and blood pressure regulation.