השוואת שיטות

	NOMINATE	Ideal Point Estimation
תחום	Political Science	Political Science
משפחה	Latent structure	Latent structure
שנת המקור	1985	2004
הוגה השיטה	Keith T. Poole and Howard Rosenthal	Clinton, Jackman & Rivers (Bayesian formulation); Poole & Rosenthal (spatial tradition)
סוג	Spatial scaling model of roll-call voting	Latent-variable spatial model of binary choice data
מקור מכונן	Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1985). A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 29(2), 357–384.	Clinton, J., Jackman, S., & Rivers, D. (2004). The Statistical Analysis of Roll Call Data. American Political Science Review, 98(2), 355–370.
כינויים	DW-NOMINATE, W-NOMINATE, Nominal Three-Step Estimation, Poole-Rosenthal scores	Ideal point model, Item response theory for roll calls, Spatial voting model, Bayesian ideal points
קשורות	3	4
תקציר	NOMINATE — Nominal Three-step Estimation — is the family of spatial scaling procedures developed by Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal to recover legislators' ideological positions from roll-call votes. Each legislator and the yea and nay outcomes of each vote are placed in a low-dimensional space, and a normal (Gaussian) deterministic utility plus a random shock governs choices. Fitted by maximum likelihood, NOMINATE produces the canonical ideal-point coordinates used to chart polarization across two centuries of the U.S. Congress, with the dynamic DW-NOMINATE variant allowing positions to drift smoothly over time.	Ideal point estimation recovers the latent policy positions — ideal points — of political actors from their observed binary choices, most often legislators' yea/nay votes on roll calls. Building on the spatial theory of voting and formalized as a Bayesian item-response model by Clinton, Jackman, and Rivers in 2004, it places each legislator and each bill in a low-dimensional policy space and estimates positions so that the probability a legislator votes yea increases as the bill's 'yea' outcome moves closer to that legislator's ideal point.