השוואת שיטות

	מיפוי רעש	מידול פיזור אוויר	הערכת השפעה סביבתית
תחום	הנדסה סביבתית	הנדסה סביבתית	הנדסה סביבתית
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1999	1961	1970
הוגה השיטה	World Health Organization and ISO	Pasquill and Gifford	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
סוג	spatial assessment and modeling pipeline	mathematical simulation pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
מקור מכונן	International Organization for Standardization. (2008). ISO 13442:2008 Acoustics - Description, Measurement and Assessment of Environmental Noise in Relation to Human Exposure and Health.	Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
כינויים	noise assessment, acoustic mapping, sound level modeling, environmental noise	air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
קשורות	3	4	4
תקציר	Noise mapping is an environmental assessment methodology that quantifies and visualizes sound levels spatially across a study area, enabling identification of noise-exposed populations, compliance with regulatory standards, and design of mitigation measures. Standardized by the European Directive 2002/49/EC and ISO 13442, noise mapping combines acoustic measurements, traffic/industrial source modeling, and geographic information systems (GIS) to create contour maps of sound exposure and associated health impacts.	Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.