השוואת שיטות

	בחינת תוקף מבחין רב-קבוצתי	תוקף מבנה
תחום	פסיכומטריה	פסיכומטריה
משפחה	Latent structure	Latent structure
שנת המקור	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s	1955
הוגה השיטה	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature	Lee J. Cronbach & Paul E. Meehl
סוג	Validity assessment / model comparison	Validity evaluation framework
מקור מכונן	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Cronbach, L. J. & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302.
כינויים	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups	construct validation, factorial validity, nomological validity evidence, validity of interpretation
קשורות	5	6
תקציר	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.	Construct validity is the degree to which a test or scale actually measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure. Introduced by Cronbach and Meehl in 1955, it is the central validity concern in psychological and educational measurement, evaluated by accumulating multiple lines of empirical and logical evidence rather than by any single statistical test.