השוואת שיטות

	תוקף מתכנס רב-קבוצתי	בחינת תוקף מבחין רב-קבוצתי
תחום	פסיכומטריה	פסיכומטריה
משפחה	Latent structure	Latent structure
שנת המקור	1981 / 2000	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s
הוגה השיטה	Fornell & Larcker (convergent validity criteria); Vandenberg & Lance (multi-group extension)	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature
סוג	Validity assessment procedure	Validity assessment / model comparison
מקור מכונן	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
כינויים	cross-group convergent validity, multi-sample convergent validity, MGCFA convergent validity, AVE across groups	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups
קשורות	6	5
תקציר	Multi-group convergent validity examines whether items purported to measure the same latent construct relate strongly to that construct consistently across distinct subgroups such as demographic categories, cultures, or experimental conditions. It extends single-sample convergent validity checks into a comparative multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework.	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.