השוואת שיטות

	פיתוח סולמות אורכי (Longitudinal Scale Development)	פיתוח סולם רב-רמתי
תחום	פסיכומטריה	פסיכומטריה
משפחה	Latent structure	Latent structure
שנת המקור	1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s
הוגה השיטה	Meredith, Millsap, and colleagues	Raudenbush, Bryk, Hox and colleagues
סוג	Scale construction framework	Hierarchical measurement / scale construction
מקור מכונן	Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0805864311	Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728462
כינויים	LSD, longitudinal measurement development, repeated-measures scale construction, scale development with panel data	multilevel measurement modeling, hierarchical scale development, MLSEM scale construction, nested data scale development
קשורות	6	5
תקציר	Longitudinal scale development is the systematic process of constructing and validating a measurement instrument using data collected at multiple time points. It extends classical scale development by additionally testing whether the scale measures the same construct in the same metric across occasions, enabling valid tracking of change over time.	Multilevel scale development constructs and validates measurement instruments for data collected from individuals nested within higher-level units such as classrooms, organizations, or clinics. It partitions item variance into within-group and between-group components, ensuring that reliability and factor structure are evaluated at both levels simultaneously.