השוואת שיטות

	דגימה הפוכה	דגימה כפולה	ניתוח סדרתי (תכנון סדרתי קבוצתי)
תחום	דגימה	דגימה	סטטיסטיקה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
שנת המקור	1945	1938	1977
הוגה השיטה	John Burdon Sanderson Haldane	Jerzy Neyman	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock
סוג	Sequential sampling method	Multi-phase sampling design	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test
מקור מכונן	Haldane, J. B. S. (1945). On a method of estimating frequencies. Biometrika, 33(3), 222–224.	Neyman, J. (1938). Contribution to the theory of sampling human populations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(201), 101–116.	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.
כינויים	Sequential Sampling	Two-Phase Sampling	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)
קשורות	3	4	5
תקציר	Inverse Sampling is a sequential sampling strategy where sampling continues until a fixed number of occurrences of a rare event or item of interest is observed. Introduced by J. B. S. Haldane in 1945, it is particularly efficient for estimating rare event probabilities or proportions when the target is sparse and costly to detect.	Double Sampling (also called two-phase or multistage sampling) is a survey design in which a large preliminary sample is collected using inexpensive methods or partial information, then a smaller subsample is drawn from it and measured in detail. Pioneered by Jerzy Neyman in 1938, it is particularly useful when a cheap surrogate measurement is available but true measurement is expensive.	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.