השוואת שיטות

	גלוטוכרונולוגיה	Internal Reconstruction
תחום	בלשנות	בלשנות
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1950	1891
הוגה השיטה	Morris Swadesh	Henry Heffner Hock
סוג	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
מקור מכונן	Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167.	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
כינויים	Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology
קשורות	2	3
תקציר	Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable.	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.