השוואת שיטות

	היפוך גיאופיזי	ניתוח שקיעת אגנים	פרשנות סייסמית של החזרות	ניתוח סונדה גיאופיזית (Well Log Analysis)
תחום	מדעי כדור הארץ	מדעי כדור הארץ	מדעי כדור הארץ	מדעי כדור הארץ
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1963	1978	1960s	1940s
הוגה השיטה	Tikhonov and Tarantola	McKenzie and Sclater	Dobrin and Savit	Guyod and Barnhart
סוג	data assimilation pipeline	tectono-sedimentary analysis pipeline	geophysical imaging pipeline	subsurface characterization pipeline
מקור מכונן	Tarantola, A. (1987). Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation. Elsevier.	Sclater, J. G., & Christie, P. A. F. (1980). Continental stretching: An explanation of the post-mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the Central North Sea Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85(B7), 3711–3739.	Yilmaz, Ö. (2001). Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion, and Interpretation of Seismic Data. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.	Asquith, G. B., & Gibson, C. R. (2004). Basic Well Log Analysis (2nd ed.). American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
כינויים	inverse problem solving, parameter estimation, model-data fitting	tectonic subsidence, backstripping, thermal history analysis	seismic interpretation, seismic data analysis	wireline logging, borehole logging, petrophysical analysis
קשורות	3	4	5	5
תקציר	Geophysical inversion is the process of using observed geophysical data to estimate subsurface properties and structures. Formalized by Tikhonov (1963) and expanded by Tarantola (1987), this mathematical framework solves the inverse problem: given measurements (gravity, magnetics, seismic, electrical), what subsurface model produced them? Inversion is central to all quantitative geophysics and enables extraction of detailed subsurface information from surface or borehole measurements.	Basin subsidence analysis is the quantitative study of how sedimentary basins deepen over geological time, driven by tectonics, isostasy, and load. Formalized by McKenzie (1978) and Sclater and Christie (1980), this method reveals the mechanical causes of basin development, predicts subsurface temperature and pressure histories, and constrains petroleum generation. Analysis integrates well stratigraphy, seismic geometry, gravity data, and thermal models to reconstruct basin evolution.	Seismic reflection interpretation is the process of extracting meaningful geological information from seismic survey data, which is collected by recording elastic waves reflected from rock layers beneath the surface. Developed and systematized in the mid-20th century, this method is foundational in petroleum exploration and engineering geology. It enables geoscientists to image subsurface structures, identify hydrocarbon prospects, and assess hazards without drilling.	Well log analysis is the systematic examination of measurements recorded by instruments lowered into a borehole to characterize subsurface lithology, fluid content, and petrophysical properties. Originating in the 1940s, this method has become indispensable for petroleum exploration, groundwater assessment, and engineering geology. Well logs provide direct depth-correlated data that anchor interpretation of seismic surveys and constrain reservoir models.