השוואת שיטות

	GCTA	ניתוח גושי אי-שוויון תִּקְשׁוּר (LD)
תחום	גנטיקה	גנטיקה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	2011	2002
הוגה השיטה	Jian Yang & Peter Visscher	Shaun Gabriel & Eric Lander
סוג	Computational analysis tool	Haplotype analysis method
מקור מכונן	Yang, J., Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011). GCTA: A tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics, 88(1), 76–82.	Gabriel, S. B., Schaffner, S. F., Nguyen, H., Moore, J. M., Roy, J., Blumenstiel, B., & Lander, E. S. (2002). The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science, 296(5576), 2225–2229.
כינויים	GREML, Genome-wide complex trait analysis, Heritability estimation	Haplotype block analysis, LD mapping, Block structure analysis
קשורות	4	5
תקציר	GCTA (Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis) is a computational toolkit for estimating heritability and genetic correlations from genome-wide genotype and phenotype data. Developed by Yang and Visscher in 2011, GCTA uses genome-wide restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) to partition phenotypic variance into components explained by common SNPs, environmental factors, and residual variation. GCTA has become a standard tool for understanding the proportion of trait variation attributable to genetics across complex diseases and quantitative traits.	Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis is a genomic method that partitions the human genome into distinct haplotype blocks—regions of limited recombination where variants are in strong statistical association. First systematically described by Gabriel and colleagues in 2002, this approach reveals the underlying structure of genetic variation and enables efficient genomic studies by reducing the number of variants needed to capture common diversity. LD block analysis forms the foundation of genome-wide association study (GWAS) design and modern population genetics.