השוואת שיטות

	אפקט רצפה ותקרה	יחס תוקף התוכן
תחום	פסיכומטריה	פסיכומטריה
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	2000	1975
הוגה השיטה	Classical psychometrics	Charles H. Lawshe
סוג	Measurement validity assessment	Expert panel content validity assessment
מקור מכונן	McHorney, C. A. (2000). Ten recommendations for measuring health status. Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes, 2(1), 1-5.	Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
כינויים	Floor effect, Ceiling effect, Psychometric floor effect, Measurement floor	CVR, Content validity index, Expert judgment content validity, Lawshe CVR
קשורות	4	4
תקציר	Floor and ceiling effects are psychometric phenomena in which a disproportionately large proportion of respondents achieve the lowest (floor) or highest (ceiling) possible score on a measurement scale. These effects compromise scale reliability and responsiveness, limiting the instrument's ability to distinguish among respondents and detect meaningful change over time. Systematic assessment of floor and ceiling effects is essential for evaluating the psychometric adequacy of health-related quality-of-life scales, functional status measures, and other patient-reported outcomes.	The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) is a quantitative method developed by Charles Lawshe in 1975 for evaluating the extent to which items in a measurement instrument are relevant and representative of a target construct. The method aggregates expert panel judgments into a single validity coefficient for each item, enabling researchers to identify and retain only those items deemed essential by domain experts. CVR provides objective support for content validity claims during scale development.