השוואת שיטות

	ניתוח אלמנטים סופיים	ניתוח דחיפה (Pushover Analysis)	תאוריית קווי הכניעה
תחום	מדעי החומרים	הנדסה אזרחית	הנדסה אזרחית
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1943	1996	1943 (doctoral thesis, Danish); 1962 (English translation)
הוגה השיטה	Richard Courant	Peter Fajfar	K. W. Johansen
סוג	Computational method	Nonlinear static method for earthquake engineering	Structural analysis method (plasticity-based)
מקור מכונן	Zienkiewicz, O. C., & Taylor, R. L. (1977). The Finite Element Method in Engineering Science. McGraw-Hill.	Ahi, N., Desroches, R., & Jain, A. (1996). Lateral load distribution for equivalent static analysis of buildings. Engineering Journal, 33(2), 45-54.	Johansen, K. W. (1962). Yield-Line Theory. Cement and Concrete Association, London.
כינויים	FEA, finite element method	Static pushover, Nonlinear static analysis	yield-line analysis, yield-line method, Johansen yield-line method, plastic slab analysis
קשורות	4	4	1
תקציר	Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical technique for obtaining approximate solutions to boundary value problems described by differential equations. Developed systematically by Richard Courant in 1943 and popularized by Clough in the 1960s, FEA divides a complex domain into smaller, simpler elements to solve engineering problems involving stress, strain, heat transfer, and fluid flow. It is the dominant computational method in materials science for predicting material behavior under various loading conditions.	Pushover analysis is a nonlinear static method for assessing seismic structural performance. Introduced by Fajfar in 1996 as part of the N2 method, it progressively increases lateral loads on a structure until it reaches a target displacement, revealing how structures deform and yield under seismic events.	Yield Line Theory is a plastic limit-analysis method used in structural civil engineering to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete slabs. Developed by K. W. Johansen in the 1940s, it assumes that at failure the slab subdivides into rigid regions separated by lines of intense plastic rotation — called yield lines — where the reinforcement has fully yielded. The approach gives the collapse load directly and is widely used in slab design and assessment.