השוואת שיטות

	פרסום כפול וחיתוך סלמי	קריטריוני המחברות של ה-ICMJE
תחום	אתיקה בפרסום	אתיקה בפרסום
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1997	1978
הוגה השיטה	Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)
סוג	Standard	Standard
מקור מכונן	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines. Flowcharts and Advice on Publication Ethics. COPE.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.
כינויים	Redundant Publication, Overlapping Publication, Fragmented Research	ICMJE Authorship, Authorship Guidelines
קשורות	4	4
תקציר	Duplicate publication occurs when the same research data are published more than once without acknowledgment or justification, presenting the same or substantially similar results as previously published work. Salami slicing is the related practice of dividing the results of a single study into the smallest possible publishable units and submitting them as separate papers to multiply publication counts. Both practices artificially inflate research output, mislead readers, and violate ethical standards upheld by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and research integrity organizations worldwide.	The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) established the most widely adopted authorship standard in biomedical research in 1978. These criteria define who qualifies as an author and distinguish authors from contributors, establishing accountability and preventing disputes over publication credit. Used by over 10,000 journals globally, ICMJE authorship criteria form the foundation of authorship practices in medical, life science, and health-related research.