השוואת שיטות

	אתנוגרפיה דיגיטלית השוואתית	אתנוגרפיה	נטנוגרפיה
תחום	איכותני	איכותני	איכותני
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1995–2000 (multi-sited framework 1995; virtual ethnography 2000)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
הוגה השיטה	Christine Hine (digital ethnography); George E. Marcus (multi-sited ethnography)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Robert V. Kozinets
סוג	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research method
מקור מכונן	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
כינויים	CDE, multi-site digital ethnography, cross-platform ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
קשורות	5	5	6
תקציר	Comparative Digital Ethnography (CDE) is a qualitative design that applies ethnographic methods — sustained participant observation, interview, and artefact analysis — across two or more digital settings simultaneously. By systematically comparing practices, meanings, and interactions in different online environments (e.g., distinct platforms, communities, or national contexts), CDE surfaces both site-specific patterns and cross-cutting cultural logics that a single-site study would miss.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.