השוואת שיטות

	סולם הדיכאון של המרכז לבקרת מחלות אפידמיולוגיות (CES-D)	סולם החרדה והדיכאון של בית החולים (HADS)	סולם קסלר למצוקה פסיכולוגית-10 (K10)
תחום	פסיכולוגיה קלינית	פסיכולוגיה קלינית	פסיכולוגיה קלינית
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1977	1983	2002
הוגה השיטה	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
סוג	Community-based depression assessment	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Non-specific psychological distress screening
מקור מכונן	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
כינויים	CES-D, CESD	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
קשורות	5	4	5
תקציר	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.