השוואת שיטות

	מידול פיזור אוויר	הערכת השפעה סביבתית	תכנון תשתיות ירוקות
תחום	הנדסה סביבתית	הנדסה סביבתית	הנדסה סביבתית
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1961	1970	2000
הוגה השיטה	Pasquill and Gifford	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Urban planners and landscape architects
סוג	mathematical simulation pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline	integrated design and planning pipeline
מקור מכונן	Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910	Freeman, R. C. (2005). Green Infrastructure: Intelligent Landscapes for the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415772662
כינויים	air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment	GI design, natural infrastructure, nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation
קשורות	4	4	3
תקציר	Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.	Green infrastructure (GI) design is the planning and implementation of natural or nature-based systems (vegetation, soils, water bodies) integrated into urban environments to provide multiple ecosystem services: stormwater management, air quality improvement, heat island mitigation, biodiversity habitat, recreation, and social well-being. Emerged in the 2000s as a sustainability paradigm, green infrastructure combines landscape design, hydrology, ecology, and urban planning to create multifunctional spaces that serve practical and aesthetic goals.