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Seven Questions Scenario Method

Also known as: Seven Questions Interview, GBN Seven Questions, Shell Seven Questions, Oracle/Epitaph Interview Protocol

OriginatorGlobal Business Network (GBN) and the Shell scenario tradition (Pierre Wack lineage)Year1996Sources2Related methods5

The seven questions scenario method is a structured interview protocol, associated with the Global Business Network and the Shell scenario tradition, used at the front end of scenario building to surface the concerns, predetermined elements, and critical uncertainties that will seed a set of scenarios. Rather than starting from abstract drivers, facilitators interview key informants and decision-makers using a fixed sequence of seven open questions — including the famous 'oracle' question (if you could ask a clairvoyant one thing about the future, what would it be?) and the 'epitaph' question about the legacy the organization hopes to leave. The interviews draw out what people most hope for, fear, and want to know, and the analysis of those responses identifies which forces are effectively predetermined and which are genuinely uncertain. As Schoemaker's account of scenario planning and Bishop, Hines, and Collins's survey of scenario techniques both stress, separating the predetermined from the uncertain is the pivot on which good scenarios turn.

Key highlights

  • Grounds scenarios in the genuine, elicited concerns of decision-makers rather than in analysts' preconceptions.
  • Open, evocative prompts like the oracle and epitaph questions surface tacit hopes, fears, and uncertainties.
  • Engaging leaders directly builds ownership of and commitment to the resulting scenarios.
  • Drives the crucial sorting of predetermined elements from critical uncertainties that good scenarios depend on.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

Use the seven questions scenario method at the front end of a scenario project when you want to ground the work in the real concerns of decision-makers and stakeholders rather than in analysts' assumptions, and when you can secure in-depth interview access to a diverse set of knowledgeable informants. It is especially valuable for engaging senior leaders, building ownership of the eventual scenarios, and surfacing the tacit hopes, fears, and uncertainties that more analytical driver-mapping can overlook. It is well suited to strategic decisions over medium-to-long horizons where stakeholder buy-in matters. It is less appropriate when interview access is impossible, when the future is so well-defined that little genuine uncertainty exists, or when a purely quantitative or model-based foresight approach is called for. It is typically the opening phase of a larger scenario process such as intuitive logics, paired with environmental scanning to corroborate and extend the uncertainties the interviews reveal.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Grounds scenarios in the genuine, elicited concerns of decision-makers rather than in analysts' preconceptions.
  • Open, evocative prompts like the oracle and epitaph questions surface tacit hopes, fears, and uncertainties.
  • Engaging leaders directly builds ownership of and commitment to the resulting scenarios.
  • Drives the crucial sorting of predetermined elements from critical uncertainties that good scenarios depend on.
Limitations
  • Quality depends on interview access to, and candor from, a sufficiently diverse and senior set of informants.
  • Interviewing, transcribing, and synthesizing many in-depth conversations is time- and skill-intensive.
  • Results reflect respondents' perceptions and may share their collective blind spots about the future.
  • As a seeding technique it surfaces material but must be followed by a full scenario method to produce finished scenarios.

Common pitfalls

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Applications

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Frequently asked

What are the famous oracle and epitaph questions?

They are two of the seven prompts designed to draw out tacit concerns. The oracle question asks: if you could speak to a clairvoyant who knew the future, what one thing would you most want to ask? The answer reveals instantly which uncertainty matters most to the respondent. The epitaph question asks what legacy or judgment the respondent would want for the organization or themselves looking back from the future, exposing their deepest aspirations and values. Both are deliberately evocative rather than analytical, because asking directly about 'key drivers' tends to elicit guarded, conventional answers, whereas these framings unlock genuine hopes, fears, and priorities.

Why is separating predetermined elements from critical uncertainties so important?

Because scenarios should differ only along the forces that are genuinely uncertain and consequential. Predetermined elements — developments already in motion or highly certain, like demographic momentum or committed infrastructure — will appear in every scenario and form common ground, so spending scenario distinctions on them is wasted. Critical uncertainties, by contrast, are both important and unresolved, and they are what the scenarios must explore. Schoemaker identifies this sorting as the heart of scenario construction: misjudging a true uncertainty as predetermined builds the whole set on false certainty, while treating a near-certainty as uncertain produces scenarios that differ in trivial or implausible ways.

Does the seven questions method produce finished scenarios on its own?

No. It is a front-end elicitation and seeding technique. Its job is to surface stakeholders' concerns and to separate predetermined elements from critical uncertainties, supplying the raw material and the key dimensions of difference for scenarios. The scenarios themselves are then built with a full scenario method — most often intuitive logics, where two or more critical uncertainties are crossed or combined and each resulting future is developed into an internally consistent storyline. The seven questions thus typically open a larger process and are paired with environmental scanning to corroborate the uncertainties and with the scenario-building phase that turns them into complete, decision-relevant narratives.

Sources

  1. 1.
    Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1995). Scenario planning: A tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 25-40.
  2. 2.
    Bishop, P., Hines, A., & Collins, T. (2007). The current state of scenario development: an overview of techniques. Foresight, 9(1), 5-25.

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Cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 23). Seven Questions Scenario Method. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/futures-foresight-studies/seven-questions-scenario