Vertaile menetelmiä

	Social Life Cycle Assessment	Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis
Tieteenala	Environmental Sociology	Taloustiede
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	2009	1970
Kehittäjä	UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (Catherine Benoit & Bernard Mazijn, eds.)	Wassily Leontief
Tyyppi	Life-cycle pipeline for assessing social impacts of products	Input-output model augmented with environmental satellite accounts
Alkuperäislähde	Benoit, C., & Mazijn, B. (Eds.). (2009). Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 9789280730210	Leontief, W. (1970). Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 262–271.
Rinnakkaisnimet	S-LCA, Social LCA, Societal Life Cycle Assessment, Product Social Impact Assessment	EEIO, Environmental Input-Output Analysis, Pollution Input-Output Model, Footprint Input-Output Analysis
Liittyvät	4	4
Tiivistelmä	Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) evaluates the social and socio-economic impacts of products and services across their entire life cycle, from raw-material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal. It mirrors the four-phase structure of environmental LCA, goal and scope definition, inventory, impact assessment, and interpretation, but replaces physical pressures with effects on people, organized by stakeholder categories such as workers, local communities, society, consumers, and value-chain actors. The approach was codified in the 2009 UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products, edited by Catherine Benoit and Bernard Mazijn, which established stakeholder categories, impact subcategories, and the use of performance reference points to judge whether a measured condition is good or bad. Benoit and colleagues' 2010 article situated the guidelines within the broader life-cycle sustainability assessment agenda and explained their just-in-time arrival as supply-chain social concerns rose. Because many social indicators are qualitative and depend on conduct rather than throughput, S-LCA leans on activity variables such as worker-hours to connect indicators to the functional unit. It complements environmental LCA and life-cycle costing to round out a three-pillar sustainability assessment.	Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) analysis appends satellite accounts of physical environmental flows — greenhouse-gas emissions, energy, water, land, and materials — to a monetary input-output table so that environmental burdens can be allocated through supply chains to the final demand that ultimately drives them. By multiplying direct environmental-intensity coefficients by the Leontief inverse, EEIO computes the total burden embodied in each unit of final demand, providing the standard framework for consumption-based carbon footprints and emissions embodied in trade.