Vertaile menetelmiä

	Poliittisen vaikuttamisen asteikko	Poliittisen luottamuksen asteikko
Tieteenala	Poliittinen psykologia	Poliittinen psykologia
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	1969	1974
Kehittäjä	Richard Niemi, Steven Craig, Albert Bandura	Arthur H. Miller
Tyyppi	Self-report	Self-report
Alkuperäislähde	Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study. American Political Science Review, 85(4), 1407-1413.	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.
Rinnakkaisnimet	Political Efficacy, Internal Efficacy, External Efficacy	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module
Liittyvät	3	3
Tiivistelmä	Political efficacy measures sense of personal agency and power in the political system, encompassing both internal efficacy (belief in own political competence and understanding) and external efficacy (belief that the political system is responsive to citizen input). Rooted in Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1977) and developed for political contexts by Niemi, Craig, and colleagues (1969 onwards), the measure explains why some citizens feel empowered to engage in politics while others feel powerless. High-efficacy citizens are substantially more likely to participate, contact representatives, and vote; low-efficacy citizens withdraw from politics and are susceptible to anti-democratic appeals.	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.