Vertaile menetelmiä

	Life Orientation Test Revised	PERMA Profiler
Tieteenala	Positiivinen psykologia	Positiivinen psykologia
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	1994	2016
Kehittäjä	Michael Scheier and Charles Carver	James Butler and Margaret Kern
Tyyppi	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Alkuperäislähde	Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing coping strategies from coping styles: A health psychological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1061–1078.	Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
Rinnakkaisnimet	LOT-R	PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model
Liittyvät	4	4
Tiivistelmä	The Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R) is a 10-item measure of dispositional optimism developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges in 1994. It assesses the general expectancy that good things (versus bad things) will happen in the future. Optimism, as measured by the LOT-R, predicts coping success, health outcomes, and psychological well-being independent of self-efficacy or other personality factors. The revised version addressed psychometric concerns in the original 1985 LOT, improving clarity and reducing item ambiguity.	The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions.