Vertaile menetelmiä

	Intervening Obstacles Analysis	Return Migration Analysis
Tieteenala	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	1966	2004
Kehittäjä	Everett S. Lee	Jean-Pierre Cassarino
Tyyppi	Analytical framework for migration barriers and their selectivity	Conceptual-analytic framework for theorising and assessing return migration
Alkuperäislähde	Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57.	Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising Return Migration: The Conceptual Approach to Return Migrants Revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 6(2), 253-279.
Rinnakkaisnimet	Migration Barriers Analysis, Obstacle Selectivity Analysis, Lee Intervening Obstacles Framework, Migration Friction Analysis	Return Preparedness Framework, Cassarino Return Typology, Resource-Mobilization Analysis of Return, Reintegration Readiness Assessment
Liittyvät	3	3
Tiivistelmä	Intervening obstacles analysis isolates and studies the third term in Everett Lee's 1966 theory of migration: the set of barriers that stand between an area of origin and an area of destination and that must be surmounted before any move, however attractive, can take place. Lee distinguished these obstacles — distance, the cost of transport, legal restrictions, borders, and physical frontiers — from the push and pull factors of the places themselves, arguing that they impose a threshold the net attraction must clear. Crucially, obstacles do more than reduce volume: because the ability and willingness to overcome a given barrier vary across individuals, obstacles act as a filter that selects who migrates, shaping the composition of the flow as well as its size. Massey and colleagues' 1993 appraisal situated this barrier logic within migration theory and connected it to policy levers such as border enforcement and visa regimes that deliberately raise obstacles. The analysis proceeds by enumerating and weighting the relevant obstacles, modeling the threshold they create, and assessing the resulting selectivity. It has become especially salient as states use legal and physical barriers to manage international migration.	Return migration analysis examines why and how migrants go back to their countries of origin and, crucially, what determines whether that return succeeds. Jean-Pierre Cassarino's 2004 reconceptualization shifted the field away from asking only whether return signals economic failure or success, toward two organizing ideas: preparedness — the migrant's willingness and capacity to gather resources before returning — and resource mobilization, the tangible and intangible assets a returnee brings home. Set within a social-network and cross-border-embeddedness framework, the approach treats return not as the end of a migration but as a stage whose outcome depends on how prepared and resourced the returnee is and how connected they remain to networks in both origin and host societies. Analytically it is a conceptual pipeline: it situates a return within competing theories, assesses preparedness, inventories mobilized resources, evaluates network embeddedness, and classifies the return — distinguishing prepared, voluntary returns likely to reintegrate well from failure-driven or forced returns that are not. The framework reoriented return studies around readiness and reintegration rather than a simple success/failure verdict.