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| Poikkeustapausten otanta× | Lumipallo-otanta× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tieteenala | Kyselytutkimuksen metodologia | Kyselytutkimuksen metodologia |
| Menetelmäperhe | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Syntyvuosi≠ | 1990 | 1961 |
| Kehittäjä≠ | Michael Quinn Patton | Leo A. Goodman |
| Tyyppi≠ | Purposive qualitative sampling strategy | Non-probability sampling technique |
| Alkuperäislähde≠ | Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711 | Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170. DOI ↗ |
| Rinnakkaisnimet | extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection | chain-referral sampling, network sampling, respondent-driven sampling, referral sampling |
| Liittyvät≠ | 5 | 3 |
| Tiivistelmä≠ | Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure. | Snowball sampling is a non-probability recruitment technique in which initial participants (seeds) refer the researcher to others who meet the study criteria, and those referrals in turn refer further participants. The sample grows incrementally — like a rolling snowball — until the required size or theoretical saturation is reached. It is the method of choice when a target population has no accessible sampling frame, such as undocumented migrants, illicit drug users, survivors of stigmatised experiences, or members of closed professional networks. |
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