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| Poikkileikkaustutkimus× | Pitkittäistutkimus× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tieteenala | Tutkimusasetelma | Tutkimusasetelma |
| Menetelmäperhe | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Syntyvuosi≠ | 1930s–1950s (formalized with large-scale opinion and health surveys) | Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s) |
| Kehittäjä≠ | Established through the social survey tradition (Bowley, Gallup, and others in the early-to-mid 20th century) | Survey methodology tradition; codified in social sciences by scholars including W.S. Robinson (1950) and later Scott Menard |
| Tyyppi≠ | Quantitative non-experimental design | Quantitative observational research design |
| Alkuperäislähde≠ | Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412958929 | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452 |
| Rinnakkaisnimet | cross-sectional survey, single-occasion survey, prevalence survey design, snapshot survey | longitudinal survey study, repeated-measures survey, prospective survey design, panel survey |
| Liittyvät≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Tiivistelmä≠ | Cross-sectional survey research administers a structured questionnaire or interview to a representative sample of a population at one point in time. It is the workhorse design for estimating prevalence, describing group characteristics, and mapping associations among variables across a wide range of disciplines — from public health and education to marketing and political science. | Longitudinal survey research collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals (or units) at two or more points in time. Unlike a one-shot cross-sectional survey, this design captures change, stability, and temporal ordering of variables — enabling researchers to track trajectories, test causal sequences, and distinguish cohort effects from aging effects within a quantitative framework. |
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