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| Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire× | National Identity Scale (Kansallisen identiteetin mittari)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tieteenala | Poliittinen psykologia | Poliittinen psykologia |
| Menetelmäperhe | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Syntyvuosi≠ | 2013 | 1989 |
| Kehittäjä≠ | Roland Imhoff & Marko Bruder | Richard Kosterman & Seymour Feshbach |
| Tyyppi | Self-report | Self-report |
| Alkuperäislähde≠ | Bruder, M., Haffke, P., Neave, N., Nouripanah, N., & Imhoff, R. (2013). Measuring individual differences in generic beliefs in conspiracy: Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 225. DOI ↗ | Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274. DOI ↗ |
| Rinnakkaisnimet | CMQ, Conspiracy Ideation Scale, Generic Conspiracy Belief | NIS, National Attachment Scale, Patriotism Scale |
| Liittyvät | 3 | 3 |
| Tiivistelmä≠ | The Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire measures individual differences in generic conspiracy thinking—the tendency to attribute significant events to hidden, coordinated group actions by powerful actors rather than to incompetence, chance, or transparent public causes. Developed by Bruder et al. (2013), the five-item CMQ assesses a stable dispositional trait that predicts belief in diverse conspiracy theories (JFK assassination, 9/11 truthers, anti-vaccine narratives, QAnon) and distrust of institutions. It captures conspiracy mentality as a generalised political attitude distinct from specific beliefs. | The National Identity Scale measures the strength and character of individuals' identification with their nation, including attachment to national symbols, pride in national achievements, and sense of belonging to the national community. Developed by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), it distinguishes patriotism (pride in national accomplishments, willingness to serve) from nationalism (belief in national superiority, willingness to act against outsiders). The measure has become essential in comparative politics, examining how national identity shapes political behavior, attitudes toward immigration, support for international cooperation, and electoral choices. |
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