Vertaile menetelmiä

	Vertaisvertaileva etnografia	Tapaustutkimus	Digitaalinen etnografia	Etnografia	Grounded Theory
Tieteenala	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadullinen tutkimus
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)	1984 (seminal codification)	Late 1990s – 2000s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967
Kehittäjä	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
Tyyppi	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
Alkuperäislähde	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Rinnakkaisnimet	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
Liittyvät	6	5	6	5	3
Tiivistelmä	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.