مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ولتامتری	کُلُم‌سنجی (Coulometry)	تجزیه تزریق جریانی	تیتراسیون پتانسیومتری
حوزه	شیمی تجزیه	شیمی تجزیه	شیمی تجزیه	شیمی تجزیه
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1922	1945	1975	1909
پدیدآور	Jaroslav Heyrovsky	James Lingane	Jaromir Ruzicka	Soren Sorensen
نوع	electrochemical separation and analysis	electrochemical titration	continuous flow technique	titration method
منبع بنیادین	Nicholson, R. S., & Shain, I. (1965). Theory of stationary electrode polarography for a chemical reaction coupled to electron transfer. Analytical Chemistry, 36(4), 706–723.	Lingane, J. J. (1974). Electroanalytical Chemistry (2nd ed.). Interscience Publishers. ISBN: 978-0486409023	Ruzicka, J., & Hansen, E. H. (1979). Flow injection analysis: Part 1. A new concept of fast continuous flow analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, 106, 207–224.	Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2014). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry (9th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1133170960
نام‌های دیگر	electrochemical voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, CV, differential pulse voltammetry	coulometric titration, electrochemical coulometry, amperes titration	FIA, sequential injection analysis, SIA, flow-based analysis	potentiometry, electrochemical titration
مرتبط	5	5	5	5
خلاصه	Voltammetry is an electrochemical analytical technique that studies chemical reactions and properties of substances by measuring the current response as the potential applied to an electrode is systematically varied. Developed by Jaroslav Heyrovsky in the 1920s (polarography), modern voltammetry has become essential for measuring redox potentials, detecting trace analytes, and investigating reaction mechanisms. Variants such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) offer high sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemically active analytes.	Coulometry is an electrochemical analytical method that determines the concentration of an analyte by measuring the total electric charge (in coulombs) required to oxidize or reduce the analyte completely at an electrode. Developed by James J. Lingane in the 1940s, coulometry is highly accurate because it is based on fundamental constants (Faraday's law) and does not require external standards or calibration curves. This method is particularly valuable for trace analysis, water determination, and analysis of reactive species.	Flow injection analysis is an automated continuous-flow technique that rapidly injects a sample plug into a flowing stream of carrier solution, where it mixes with reagents and is detected online before reaching the detector. Developed by Jaromir Ruzicka and Elo Hansen in 1975, FIA revolutionized analytical chemistry by enabling rapid, high-throughput analysis with minimal reagent consumption and waste. Flow injection analysis is widely used in pharmaceutical, food, environmental, and clinical laboratories for routine quantitative analysis.	Potentiometric titration is an electrochemical method of analysis that measures the potential difference between a reference electrode and an indicator electrode as a titrant is gradually added to a solution. Developed in the early 20th century, it allows precise determination of the concentration of analytes without requiring visual endpoint indicators. This method is fundamental in analytical chemistry for determining acids, bases, redox species, and metal ions.