مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی با برانگیختگی بصری	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2000s–2010s (integration period; IE roots ~1987, photo elicitation ~1967)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (IE); Douglas Harper (photo elicitation); integration developed by feminist and critical ethnographers in the 2000s–2010s	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative multimodal research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	photo elicitation IE, visual IE, image-based institutional ethnography, visual data institutional ethnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Visual elicitation institutional ethnography (IE) integrates photo or image elicitation techniques into Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography framework. Participants produce or select photographs and other visual materials that represent their everyday experience within an institution; these images then anchor in-depth interviews that surface the ruling relations — texts, policies, and organizational discourses — that coordinate people's work and lives from outside their immediate standpoint.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.