مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی با برانگیختگی بصری	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2002 (photo elicitation formalised); integrated approach emerged 2000s–2010s	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Douglas Harper (photo elicitation); Robert K. Yin (case study framework)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Harper, D. (2002). Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies, 17(1), 13–26.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	photo elicitation case study, image-based case study, visual methods case study, elicitation-based case study	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Visual elicitation case study is a qualitative design that embeds photo or image elicitation within a case study framework. Participants respond to photographs, drawings, or other visual materials during in-depth interviews, generating richer and often unexpected data than verbal questioning alone. The case study structure then situates these image-prompted accounts within a bounded real-world context — an individual, organization, community, or event — enabling a holistic, detailed understanding of the case.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.