مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Visioning Preferred Futures Workshop	Three Horizons Framework
حوزه	Futures Foresight Studies	Futures Foresight Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2009	2016
پدیدآور	Hawai'i School / Millennium Project futures-visioning tradition	Bill Sharpe, Anthony Hodgson, Graham Leicester (International Futures Forum)
نوع	Normative, participatory backcasting pipeline toward a preferred future	Pattern-mapping pipeline for transformative change over time
منبع بنیادین	Glenn, J. C., & Gordon, T. J. (Eds.). (2009). Futures Research Methodology, Version 3.0. The Millennium Project. ISBN: 9780981894119	Sharpe, B., Hodgson, A., Leicester, G., Lyon, A., & Fazey, I. (2016). Three horizons: a pathways practice for transformation. Ecology and Society, 21(2), 47.
نام‌های دیگر	Preferred Futures Visioning, Visioning Workshop, Normative Futures Visioning, Aspirational Futures Method	Three Horizons Model, 3H Framework, Three Horizons Mapping, H1-H2-H3 Pathways
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	A Visioning Preferred Futures Workshop is a normative, participatory futures method for articulating a shared image of the future a group wants to create, and then working backward from that image to identify the pathway and the present actions that would bring it about. Where exploratory methods ask what futures might happen, visioning asks what future ought to happen and how to get there. Documented as a core technique in the Millennium Project's Futures Research Methodology, it combines aspirational image-building with backcasting: participants first agree on a compelling preferred future grounded in their shared values, then trace the milestones backward from that future to the present, and finally commit to concrete first steps. The method's power lies in mobilizing a community around a positive, jointly owned vision rather than around forecasts or fears.	The Three Horizons framework is a structured way of thinking about transformative change by mapping three overlapping curves of activity across time. Developed within the International Futures Forum and given its definitive articulation by Bill Sharpe, Anthony Hodgson, Graham Leicester and colleagues in their 2016 Ecology and Society paper, it distinguishes the first horizon (H1), the dominant present system that is declining in its fit with a changing world; the third horizon (H3), an emerging and viable future pattern that is currently marginal but growing; and the second horizon (H2), the turbulent zone of transition in which entrepreneurial innovations and experiments compete, some carrying the system toward H3 and others merely propping up H1. Rather than predicting a single future, the framework is a pathways practice that helps groups see the present as a contested landscape of patterns and locate their own intentions and actions within it.