مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Typological Theory	تحلیل گونه‌شناختی
حوزه	Political Science	روش‌های میدانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005	Late 19th century (Montelius ~1885); extended broadly through 20th century
پدیدآور	Alexander L. George & Andrew Bennett; Colin Elman	Oscar Montelius (seriation/typology in archaeology); formalized across disciplines through 19th–20th c. comparative humanities
نوع	Configurational theory-building method for case studies	Classificatory / interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262572224	McKern, W. C. (1939). The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an aid to archaeological culture study. American Antiquity, 4(4), 301–313.
نام‌های دیگر	Typological theorizing, Explanatory typologies, Typological theory building, Configurational typologies	typology construction, artifact typology, type analysis, classificatory typology
مرتبط	4	6
خلاصه	Typological theory is a configurational approach to theory building in which the researcher specifies types — distinct combinations of the values of explanatory variables — and develops contingent generalizations about the outcomes associated with each combination. Codified by Alexander George and Andrew Bennett and refined by Colin Elman's explanatory typologies, it organizes cases into the cells of a property space defined by the interaction of variables, using case studies to populate and refine the types. It embraces causal complexity by treating combinations, not isolated variables, as the units of explanation.	Typological analysis is a systematic method for grouping objects, texts, legal categories, or social phenomena into defined types based on shared attributes. Originating in archaeology and linguistics, it is now widely applied across the humanities and social sciences to impose analytical order on diverse corpora, trace historical change, and enable meaningful comparison across cases or cultures.