مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس اعتماد به پزشک	ابزار توانمندسازی بیمار (PEI)
حوزه	مراقبت بیمارمحور	مراقبت بیمارمحور
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990	1998
پدیدآور	Laurie Anderson, Robert Dedrick	J. G. Howie
نوع	Patient-reported	Patient-reported
منبع بنیادین	Anderson, L. A., & Dedrick, R. F. (1990). Development of the Trust in Physician Scale: A measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships. Psychological Reports, 67(3), 1091-1100.	Howie, J. G., Heaney, D. J., Maxwell, M., & Zwanenberg, D. (1998). A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two other consultations outcome measures. British Journal of General Practice, 48(427), 1211-1216.
نام‌های دیگر	TPS, Interpersonal Trust Measure, Patient-Provider Trust Scale	PEI, Patient Enablement Score
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) is an 11-item self-report instrument that measures the degree to which a patient trusts their physician, including dimensions of confidentiality, competence, honesty, and care. Developed by Anderson and Dedrick in 1990, the TPS assesses the patient's confidence that the physician acts in the patient's best interest, respects privacy, possesses the needed expertise, and is truthful. Trust in the physician-patient relationship is foundational to healthcare engagement and is strongly correlated with adherence, disclosure of sensitive information, and health outcomes. The TPS is widely used in research, quality improvement, and studies examining factors that build or erode physician trust.	The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) is a brief, validated six-item questionnaire that measures the degree to which a clinical consultation leaves the patient feeling more capable of understanding and managing their health condition. Developed by Howie and colleagues in 1998, the PEI assesses whether the consultation helped the patient understand their problem, cope with their illness, and manage their health more effectively. The scale captures the empowering effect of good clinical practice and is widely used in general practice research, quality improvement, and studies evaluating patient-centered and collaborative consultation styles.