مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Triangulated Semi-structured Interview	پژوهش گروه کانونی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Formalized in practice from the late 1970s onward	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
پدیدآور	Synthesized from Norman K. Denzin (triangulation) and H. Russell Bernard (semi-structured interviewing)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
نوع	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection method
منبع بنیادین	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
نام‌های دیگر	triangulated qualitative interview, multi-source semi-structured interview, triangulated in-depth interview, convergent interview strategy	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
مرتبط	3	6
خلاصه	A triangulated semi-structured interview strategy combines the flexibility of open-ended, guided interviewing with deliberate triangulation across multiple informant groups, data sources, or interview occasions. By applying the same semi-structured protocol to different participant perspectives — such as clients, providers, and managers — or by pairing interviews with documents and observations, the approach cross-validates emerging themes and reduces the risk that any single viewpoint dominates the findings. The result is richer, more credible qualitative data than a single-source interview study can deliver.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.