مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	دفتر پژوهش سه‌جانبه	یادداشت‌های میدانی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970s–1980s (triangulation formalized by Denzin 1978; diary methodology developed through 1980s)	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)
پدیدآور	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); Mary Louise Holly (research diary practice)	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.
نوع	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative data collection and recording technique
منبع بنیادین	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813
نام‌های دیگر	reflective diary triangulation, multi-method research journal, triangulated reflexive diary, diary-based triangulation	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A Triangulated Research Diary is a qualitative data collection approach in which a researcher's ongoing reflective diary is used as one strand within a triangulated data collection strategy. The diary records observations, decisions, emotions, and emerging interpretations across the study, while at least one other data source — such as interviews, documents, or observations — is collected in parallel. Cross-checking diary entries against other sources increases the credibility and depth of the findings.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.